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4.which
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5.type
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å¦ææ¯yumï¼rpmå®è£ ç软件ï¼ç±rpmå ä¸çèæ¬å建æå¡è´¦æ·
Includeconf.modules.d/*.conf
#
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#User/Group:Thename(or#number)oftheuser/grouptorunhttpdas.
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#
Userapache
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#'Main'serverconfiguration
#
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$ps-ux
USERPID%CPU%MEMVSZRSSTTYSTATSTARTTIMECOMMAND
student..?Ss::/usr/lib/system
student..?S::(sd-pam)
student..?S::sshd:student@p
student..pts/0Ss::-bash
student..?D::sshd:student@p
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student:x:::StudentUser:/home/student:/bin/bash
ç¨æ·åå¯ç uid主ç»IDæ述家ç®å½ç»å½shell
#
#cat/etc/passwd|grep-wroot:x
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
#
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apache:x:::Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologin
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----------.1rootrootMar:/etc/shadow
#
#
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student:$6$8oIjLCsc$/n1iQXYh1E6.uOEuJKgioqAtmqm2TQmkJGF2RwyteIr1tIfrPdiRYgWe6Sjen5/eMij2uHM/a1tue/QRlo3X::0::7:::
#
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:天æ°å¯ç æåä¸æ¬¡ä¿®æ¹çæ¶é´ä»--+天ä¹åé£ä¸å¤©
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#useraddzhangsan
#useraddlisi
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uid=(zhangsan)gid=(zhangsan)groups=(zhangsan)
#idlisi
uid=(lisi)gid=(lisi)groups=(lisi)
#
æ æ³ç»å½ï¼ä¸PAMæå ³
$
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Password:
Password:
su:Authenticationfailure
$
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zhangsan:x::::/home/zhangsan:/bin/bash
#cat/etc/shadow|grepzhangsan
zhangsan:!!::0::7:::#!!æªè®¾ç½®å¯ç
#
#passwdzhangsan
Changingpasswordforuserzhangsan.
Newpassword:
BADPASSWORD:Thepasswordisshorterthan8characters
Retypenewpassword:
passwd:allauthenticationtokensupdatedsuccessfully.
#
#
#cat/etc/shadow|grepzhangsan
zhangsan:$6$3wxuXomVbQwQcK$oQW6injgldxa2N/Pt4tCPDVRqWRVGw.UNZdxE4R0nhEt8K/3UDKzxap6ReIReEvDpG.GdwjpMiiDh7.f6DJNQ0::0::7:::
#
chageå¯ä»¥æ¥çç¨æ·å¯ç å±æ§
#chage-lzhangsan
Lastpasswordchange:Mar,
Passwordexpires:never
Passwordinactive:never
Accountexpires:never
Minimumnumberofdaysbetweenpasswordchange:0
Maximumnumberofdaysbetweenpasswordchange:
Numberofdaysofwarningbeforepasswordexpires:7
#
å建ç»ï¼ä»å±ç»
#
#groupaddit
#
#
#groupaddsales
#
#
#
#cat/etc/group
root:x:0:
bin:x:1:
daemon:x:2:
sys:x:3:
adm:x:4:
tty:x:5:
disk:x:6:
lp:x:7:
mem:x:8:
kmem:x:9:
wheel:x::student
cdrom:x::
mail:x::postfix
man:x::
dialout:x::
floppy:x::
games:x::
tape:x::
video:x::
ftp:x::
lock:x::
audio:x::
users:x::
nobody:x::
dbus:x::
utmp:x::
utempter:x::
input:x::
kvm:x::
render:x::
systemd-journal:x::
systemd-coredump:x::
systemd-resolve:x::
tss:x::
polkitd:x::
rpc:x::
unbound:x::
ssh_keys:x::
sssd:x::
setroubleshoot:x::
rpcuser:x::
insights:x::
cockpit-ws:x::
sshd:x::
chrony:x::
tcpdump:x::
student:x::
printadmin:x::
libstoragemgmt:x::
slocate:x::
postdrop:x::
postfix:x::
apache:x::
zhangsan:x::
lisi:x::
it:x::ç»æåå表
sales:x::
#
#idstudent
uid=(student)gid=(student)groups=(student),(wheel)
#
å°ç¨æ·æ·»å è¿ç»ï¼zhangsan,å å ¥itç»ï¼lisiï¼salesç»
#idstudent
uid=(student)gid=(student)groups=(student),(wheel)
#usermod-aGitzhangsan
#
#
#usermod-aGsaleslisi
#
#
#idzhangsan
uid=(zhangsan)gid=(zhangsan)groups=(zhangsan),(it)
#idlisi
uid=(lisi)gid=(lisi)groups=(lisi),(sales)
#
å é¤ç¨æ·ï¼
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#
#
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useradd:warning:thehomedirectoryalreadyexists.
Notcopyinganyfilefromskeldirectoryintoit.
Creatingmailboxfile:Fileexists
#
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#useradduser2
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uid=(andy)gid=(andy)groups=(andy)
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userdel:user'any'doesnotexist
#
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#
#
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id:âandyâ:nosuchuser
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uid=(andy)gid=(andy)groups=(andy)
#
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uid=(zhangsan)gid=(zhangsan)groups=(zhangsan),(it)#zhangsan主ç»ï¼itä»å±ç»
#
å½ä»¤ï¼
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Removinguserzhangsanfromgroupit
#
#
#idzhangsan
uid=(zhangsan)gid=(zhangsan)groups=(zhangsan)
#
#
#usermod-aGitzhangsan
#
#
#idzhangsan
uid=(zhangsan)gid=(zhangsan)groups=(zhangsan),(it)
#
#
#
#groupszhangsan
zhangsan:zhangsanit
#
ç´æ¥ä¿®æ¹æ件ï¼
#vim/etc/group
#cat/etc/group|grepit:
it:x::
#
å é¤ç»ï¼
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#
#
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å建èªå®ä¹ç¨æ·åç»ï¼
å®éªï¼ç¨æ·åmary,æå®ç¨æ·id,家ç®å½/maryhome,ä¸ç¨ç»å½ç³»ç»æè¿°thisismaryuser
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#useradd-u-d/maryhome-s/sbin/nologin-c"thisismary"mary
#
#idmary
uid=(mary)gid=(mary)groups=(mary)
#cat/etc/passwd|grepmary
mary:x:::thisismary:/maryhome:/sbin/nologin
#
#su-mary
Lastlogin:SunMar::CSTonpts/0
Thisaccountiscurrentlynotavailable.
#
å建èªå®ä¹ç»ï¼æå®ç»id
#groupadd-ggroup1
#cat/etc/group|grepgroup1
group1:x::
#
ç³»ç»ä¹å®¶Linuxæ示Unabletolocatepackage该å¦ä½å¤ç?æä¹åï¼
åå¼å§æ¥è§¦ubuntuçæåå¯è½ä¼æç §ä¸äºå ¥é¨æç« çæ¥éª¤æ´æ¹è½¯ä»¶æºï¼å¯æ¯æ¤æ¶å®è£ 软件çè¯ä¼åºç°unabletolocatepackageçé误ä¾å¦ï¼ä»£ç å¦ä¸ï¼username@ubuntuï¼~$sudoapt-getinstallmysql-servermysql-clientï¼»sudoï¼½passwordforusernameï¼ReadingpackagelistsDoneBuildingdependencytreeReadingstateinformationDoneEï¼Unabletolocatepackagemysql-serverEï¼Unabletolocatepackagemysql-clientusername@ubuntuï¼~$å ¶å®é®é¢åºå¨æ§è¡sudoapt-getinstallä¹åæ´æ¢äºè½¯ä»¶æºï¼ä½æ¯å´å¿äºupdateä¸äºï¼äºæ¯æ§è¡ä¸é¢çå½ä»¤ï¼ä»£ç å¦ä¸ï¼sudoapt-getupdateè¿æ ·ä¸æ¥é®é¢å°±è§£å³äºã
2024-11-30 18:33
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