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Bus Errorä¹æå¯è½æ¯å 为æºå¨ç©çé®é¢æè 访é®æ æç©çå°åï¼ä½è¿ç§æ åµé常å°è§ã
Linuxå¹³å°ä¸æ§è¡malloc()ï¼å¦æ没æ足å¤çRAMï¼Linuxä¸æ¯è®©malloc()失败è¿åï¼èæ¯åå½åè¿ç¨ååSIGBUSä¿¡å·ã
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SIGBUSä¸SIGSEGVä¿¡å·çä¸è¬åºå«å¦ä¸:
1) SIGBUS(Bus error)æå³çæéæ对åºçå°åæ¯ææå°åï¼ä½æ»çº¿ä¸è½æ£å¸¸ä½¿ç¨è¯¥æéãé常æ¯æªå¯¹é½çæ°æ®è®¿é®æè´ã
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1 int main(){
2
3
4
5
6 #if defined(__GNUC__)
7 # if defined(__i__)
8
9 __asm__("pushf/norl $0x,(%esp)/npopf");
# elif defined(__x___)
__asm__("pushf/norl $0x,(%rsp)/npopf");
# endif
#endif
short array[];
int * p = (int *) &array[1];
*p = 1;
return 1;
}
shortç±»å大å°ä¸º2个åèï¼å ¶å°åå¿ æ¯2çåæ°ãè对äºintæéæ¥è¯´ï¼è½å¤ä½¿ç¨ä»¥è®¿é®æ°æ®çå°ååºè¯¥æ¯4çåæ°ï¼è½¬åarrary[1]çå°å为int *并访é®ï¼ç³»ç»ä¼ååºSIGBUSä¿¡å·ï¼å¯¼è´ç¨åºå´©æºã
wikiä¸çä¾åï¼
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_error#Bus_error_example
#include <stdlib.h>
int main( int argc, char ** argv) {
int * iptr;
char * cptr;
#if defined(__GNUC__)
# if defined(__i__)
__asm__( "pushf/n orl $0x,(%esp)/n popf" ) ;
# elif defined(__x___)
__asm__( "pushf/n orl $0x,(%rsp)/n popf" ) ;
# endif
#endif
cptr = malloc( sizeof ( int ) + 1) ;
iptr = ( int * ) ++ cptr;
* iptr = ;
return 0 ;
}
$ gcc -ansi sigbus.c -o sigbus
$ ./sigbus
Bus error
$ gdb ./sigbus
(gdb) r
Program received signal SIGBUS , Bus error.
0xba in main ()
(gdb) x/i $pc
0xba <main+>: mov DWORD PTR [eax],0x2a
(gdb) p/x $eax
$1 = 0xa
(gdb) p/t $eax & (sizeof(int) - 1)
$2 = 1
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è¿æ®µç¨åºå¦æç¨Sun Studioç¼è¯å¨çè¯ï¼è¿è¡å°±æ²¡æé®é¢ãè¿æ¯å 为Sun Studioé»è®¤å¯¹ä½ç¼è¯ä½¿ç¨çåæ°æ¯-xmemalign=8iï¼å ¶ä¸ié项设置æç¡®ææä¸äº§çSIGBUSä¿¡å·ã
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GCCæä¸ä¸ªType Attributesç¹æ§ï¼ä¾å¦å¨é人工对é½çåéåå ä¸ï¼__attribute__ ((aligned (4))); å ¶æä¹å°±æ¯æå®å移é为4çåæ°ãæ¯å¦ï¼
short array[] __attribute__ ((aligned (4)))ï¼
ä¸è¿è¿ä¸ªå±æ§åªå¯¹Linkerè¿æ¥å¨å¯è§çåéææï¼ä¹å°±æ¯è¯´å¯¹local variableæ æãèä¸è¿ç§ç¹æ§ä½ç¨ç²åº¦æ¯è¾å¤§ï¼æ¯å¦è¿éåªå¯¹ç¬¬ä¸ä¸ªå ç´ æä½ç¨ï¼å¹¶ä¸ä¸ºæ°ç»çæ¯ä¸ªæå设置å移éãå¦æä¸å®è¦é对local variableæè æ°ç»çæ¯ä¸ªæåè¿è¡å移é设置ï¼å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨unionç±»å:
union {
short s;
int i;
}
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unhandled access violation writing 0* exception at ech
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